《包法利夫人》是法国文学大师古·福楼拜的代表作，讲述了：爱玛是农庄主的女儿，在修道院受过教育，也偷偷看过不少浪漫小说。她怀着对爱情的美妙憧憬结婚，成为包法利夫人。嫁给乡镇医生夏尔·包法利以后，爱玛的幻想很快成为泡影，因为丈夫才不出众，思想平庸。爱玛偶尔参加了一个贵族舞会，便对上流社会的奢华羡慕不已，强烈的反差使她觉得现实生活十分无聊。夏尔为了满足爱玛，迁居永镇行医，与药剂师奥梅为邻。爱玛在永镇遇到青年书记员莱昂，两人一见如故，情投意合。莱昂为了摆脱精神苦闷，决定去巴黎深造。百无聊赖的爱玛又认识了附近的农庄主鲁道夫。在情场老手鲁道夫的勾引下，爱玛成了他的情妇，她向鲁道夫提出私奔国外，但鲁道夫由热而冷，*终弃她而去。爱玛为此大病一场。夏尔为让爱玛散心，陪她进城看戏，偶遇爱玛一度心动的莱昂。两人旧情复燃，爱玛每星期都要借故进城同莱昂幽会。爱玛为偷情而挥霍家产，并常常向奸商勒赫赊帐举债，勒赫捏住爱玛的把柄，逼债未果，便通过法院张贴布告，宣布爱玛再不偿还，就要扣押其财产。陷入困境的爱玛四处求助，包括两个情人，岂料他们无不推诿搪塞。爱玛走投无路，吞服从药店弄到的砒霜，痛苦地离开了人世。

　《包法利夫人》被誉为西方现代小说的奠基之作。福楼拜在书中展现出深切的同情心、超凡的观察力和极为优美的笔触，值得每一个人去读、去体会。

　We were in class when the head-master came in, followed by a "new fellow," not wearing the school uniform, and a school servant carrying a large desk. Those who had been asleep woke up, and every one rose as if just surprised at his work.
　　The head-master made a sign to us to sit down. Then, turning to the class-master, he said to him in a low voice—
　　"Monsieur Roger, here is a pupil whom I recommend to your care; he'll be in the second. If his work and conduct are satisfactory, he will go into one of the upper classes, as becomes his age."
　　The "new fellow," standing in the corner behind the door so that he could hardly be seen, was a country lad of about fifteen, and taller than any of us. His hair was cut square on his forehead like a village chorister's; he looked reliable, but very ill at ease. Although he was not broad-shouldered, his short school jacket of green cloth with black buttons must have been tight about the arm-holes, and showed at the opening of the cuffs red wrists accustomed to being bare. His legs, in blue stockings, looked out from beneath yellow trousers, drawn tight by braces, He wore stout, ill-cleaned, hob-nailed boots.
　　We began repeating the lesson. He listened with all his ears, as attentive as if at a sermon, not daring even to cross his legs or lean on his elbow; and when at two o'clock the bell rang, the master was obliged to tell him to fall into line with the rest of us.
　　When we came back to work, we were in the habit of throwing our caps on the ground so as to have our hands more free; we used from the door to toss them under the form, so that they hit against the wall and made a lot of dust: it was "the thing."
　　But, whether he had not noticed the trick, or did not dare to attempt it, the "new fellow," was still holding his cap on his knees even after prayers were over. It was one of those head-gears of composite order, in which we can find traces of the bearskin, shako, billycock hat, sealskin cap, and cotton night-cap; one of those poor things, in fine, whose dumb ugliness has depths of expression, like an imbecile's face. Oval, stiffened with whalebone, it began with three round knobs; then came in succession lozenges of velvet and rabbit-skin separated by a red band; after that a sort of bag that ended in a cardboard polygon covered with complicated braiding, from which hung, at the end of a long thin cord, small twisted gold threads in the manner of a tassel. The cap was new; its peak shone.
　　"Rise," said the master.
　　He stood up; his cap fell. The whole class began to laugh. He stooped to pick it up. A neighbor knocked it down again with his elbow; he picked it up once more.
　　"Get rid of your helmet," said the master, who was a bit of a wag.
　　There was a burst of laughter from the boys, which so thoroughly put the poor lad out of countenance that he did not know whether to keep his cap in his hand, leave it on the ground, or put it on his head. He sat down again and placed it on his knee.
　　"Rise," repeated the master, "and tell me your name."
　　The new boy articulated in a stammering voice an unintelligible name.
　　"Again!"
　　The same sputtering of syllables was heard, drowned by the tittering of the class.
　　"Louder!" cried the master; "louder!"
　　The "new fellow" then took a supreme resolution, opened an inordinately large mouth, and shouted at the top of his voice as if calling someone in the word "Charbovari."
　　A hubbub broke out, rose in crescendo with bursts of shrill voices (they yelled, barked, stamped, repeated "Charbovari! Charbovari"), then died away into single notes, growing quieter only with great difficulty, and now and again suddenly recommencing along the line of a form whence rose here and there, like a damp cracker going off, a stifled laugh.